World Languages Lexicon
10 Language-to-English Dictionariesら
Pronunciation / Transliteration: ra
"その論文は田中らによって発表された。"
Comprehensive Definitions & Senses
1 sense- 1
And others; used in academic citations, legal documents, and formal lists to indicate that there are other people or sources involved besides the ones explicitly named.
"The research paper was authored by Smith et al. in 2023."
Thesaurus & Semantic Spectrum
Linguistic Origin & Historical Etymology
Derived from the Latin phrase 'et alii', meaning 'and others' (where 'et' means 'and' and 'alii' is the masculine plural of 'alius', meaning 'other'). It entered scholarly and legal English usage centuries ago as a standard academic shorthand to abbreviate lists of multiple authors or participants.
Which of the following is the closest synonym for "Et al."?
10 Global Lexicons: How "Et al." is said worldwide
Click any language below to open its dedicated Language to English dictionary page with native script & transliteration
et al.
Transliteration: et al.
"L'étude a été menée par Dupont et al."
u. a.
Transliteration: unter anderem
"Das Buch wurde von Müller u. a. verfasst."
et al.
Transliteration: et al.
"La ricerca è stata pubblicata da Rossi et al."
y otros
Transliteration: i o.tɾos
"El artículo fue escrito por Pérez y otros."
et al.
Transliteration: et al.
"O estudo foi liderado por Silva et al."
और अन्य
Transliteration: aur anya
"यह शोध पत्र शर्मा और अन्य द्वारा लिखा गया है।"
等
Transliteration: děng
"该论文由张等学者发表。"
외
Transliteration: oe
"이 논문은 김 외 여러 저자에 의해 쓰여졌다."
ら
Transliteration: ra
"その論文は田中らによって発表された。"
Related Vocabulary Words to Explore
View all Japanese termsA black billiard ball bearing the number 8, which must be potted last in certain pool games to win.
Expressions of strong approval, commendation, or glowing acclaim.
A fixed source of illumination that does not move, often used as a navigational beacon, landmark, or stage lighting fixture.
Explore Nuanced Synonyms for "Et al."
Discover exact matches, context-specific alternatives, and antonyms with intensity ratings in the VocabDictionary Thesaurus.
Enhance Your Writing & Grammar Precision
Linguistic Origins & Word Stories
View all stories →How Are Palisade Cells Adapted for Photosynthesis (and Why Are They Called 'Palisade')?
Palisade mesophyll cells are column-shaped, densely packed with chloroplasts, and positioned near the leaf's upper surface to maximize light absorption for photosynthesis. Their name comes from the French word for a defensive fence of wooden stakes, referencing their tightly aligned, upright cellular structure.
What is a SLOT SWOT Analysis and How Do You Actually Do One?
A SLOT SWOT analysis is an expanded strategic planning framework that blends personal or organizational 'SLOT' (Strengths, Limitations, Opportunities, Threats) metrics with traditional 'SWOT' dynamics. It provides a granular approach to evaluating internal capabilities against external market realities.