🇩🇪German Source WordCode: DE

widerspenstig

Pronunciation / Transliteration: /ˈviːdɐˌʃpɛnstɪç/

🇬🇧 Direct English Meaning:
Balky/ˈbɔːl.ki/
adjectiveCEFR C1 (Advanced)Top #14500 frequency
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🇩🇪 Example Sentence in German:

"Der widerspenstige Motor sprang erst nach vielen Versuchen an."

Comprehensive Definitions & Senses

2 senses
As adjective
  1. 1

    Refusing to move, work, or proceed as expected; stubbornly resistant to guidance or control.

    "The old tractor proved to be balky, refusing to start on the freezing winter morning."
  2. 2

    Characterized by abrupt hesitations or sudden stops.

    "Drivers struggled to navigate through the city using the balky automated traffic system."

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Antonyms & Contrasting Words (1)

Linguistic Origin & Historical Etymology

Derived from the verb 'balk' (meaning to stop and refuse to proceed), originating from Old English 'balca' (ridge, heap) combined with the suffix '-y'. Historically used to describe a stubborn draft horse refusing to move, the term eventually evolved in the 19th century to describe uncooperative people or malfunctioning mechanical equipment.

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